Vaisseau spatial à moteur nucléaire

17.08.2011 / 00:05 In the year 2012 will be ready to ship preliminary design of the nuclear engine


Preliminary design of a spacecraft with a nuclear power plant megawatt
class will be completed by the end of 2012, designing a nuclear reactor
for him - in 2011, said Tuesday at the MAKS-2011 Director General of the
State Scientific Center named after Keldysh Anatoly Koroteev, RIA
Novosti reported.


" In 2011, the completed preliminary design of the reactor, and in 2012
in accordance with the plan we have to finish the project completely
around the product - as a nuclear engine, and on the spacecraft itself,
"- said the academician Koroteev.
- KI

Henri a écrit:Propulsion électronucléaire ? Pas de lien vers la source ?

28.03.2012 / 17:03 A nuclear power plant for spacecraft of the future can create by 2017

Nuclear power plant megawatt-class vessel, designed for deep space missions, should be ready by 2017, said on Wednesday the head of a cluster of nuclear technologies fund "Skolkovo" Denis Kovalevich.
previously ex-head of Russian Federal Space Agency Anatoly Perminov informed that the establishment of the power plant is planned implemented before 2019, and the creation of a new spacecraft - no earlier than 2025.
"There are a number of fuel tests, and then - go to the detailed design. In 2013, the first should be" chunks "(nuclear facility), by 2017 it the plans must be prepared, "- said Kovalevich.
megawatt nuclear power plant is created for the class of ship, designed for deep space missions. Design of the ship, as reported previously Perminov, is likely to be entrusted to experts RSC "Energia". In the drafting of the engine will need 17 billion rubles for nine years.
development cost of transport and energy module based on a nuclear power plant, according to the approved program of innovation development of Rosatom, in 2010-2018 will amount to 7.245 billion rubles, respectively.
In the years 2013-2018 under the project should be utilized nine of innovative technologies. In 2018 scheduled increase in electrical power systems and space propulsion efficiency propulsion systems, RIA Novosti reports.

NK
-

05.15.2012 / 00:05: Expert mission to Mars will go to the Russian engines


Major technological contribution of Russia to an international expedition to Mars could be nuclear engines, as well as methods of adaptation and the health of astronauts, said a member of the special commission believes NASA manned flights Edward Crowley (Edward Crawley).
Speaking at the State University with a lecture dedicated to the American plans for manned space exploration, Crowley stressed that no country is able to independently carry out a manned mission to Mars. In this project, he said, should bring together the U.S. and Russia, and Europe, and possibly that of China.
"It may be claimed Russia's experience in the development of nuclear engines, I think Russia has a very large experience in the development of rocket engines, as well as in nuclear technology. She also has extensive experience of human adaptation to space conditions, as Russian cosmonauts performed very long flights, "- said Crowley told reporters after the lecture, answering the question of what the Russian technology could be claimed for such a flight.
In 2010, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev ordered the creation of a space transportation and power module based on the nuclear power plant megawatt class. The development of the entire project will require 17 billion rubles for nine years. Of these funds, 7.245 billion rubles allocated for Rosatom to build the reactor (this will be engaged in NIKIET). Keldysh Center will create the installation of nuclear power, on what is planned to spend 3.955 billion rubles, and RSC "Energy" - self-energy transport module, to which allocated 5.8 billion rubles.
The idea of using nuclear engines for space vehicles is not new: the decision to develop nuclear rocket engines in the USSR in the 1960s took another Akademik Mstislav Keldysh, Igor Kurchatov and Sergei Korolev. Such developments were not only in the USSR, but in the U.S..
At the dawn of the space age, scientists have tried to create a nuclear rocket engine in which the working fluid, creating thrust directly into the heated reactor. However, such facilities were given "exhaust" the extremely high radioactivity.
The new project involves the use of ionic electro-motors, in which the jet thrust is created by accelerating electric field of the ion flux. Nuclear reactor "supplies" necessary for this process an electric current, and radioactive substances do not enter into the environment.
It is assumed that the working fluid in an engine is xenon.
In accordance with a map of the project for 2018 is planned to confirm the increase, compared to the traditional level of electrical power systems in space 30 times and sustainer propulsion efficiency by 12 times, according to RIA Novosti.

NK

Space megawatts

VI Afanasyev.
"News of Cosmonautics"

2 mars in the State Atomic Energy Corporation "Rosatom" was the protection of preliminary design of the reactor space nuclear power plant (NPPUs) transport-power module (TEM) megawatt class.

We recall that the project NPPUs with turbomachinery drive was announced in late 2009 (NC № 12, 2009, p.40; № 2, 2010, p.44-47).

In accordance with the plan of work on the project of the Presidential Commission for Modernization and Technological Development of the Russian economy, "Creation of transport and energy module based on the nuclear power installed megawatt class", in November 2011 in the Keldysh Center was completed fabrication and commissioning work performed on the thermal reactor simulator. The simulator is designed to test bezreaktornyh turbine systems convert heat to electricity, its thermal power project - 1 MW, the temperature of the working gas - up to 1500 K, the working gases - helium, xenon, krypton, argon and mixtures thereof.

February 4 head of Russian Space Agency V.A.Popovkin visited Keldysh Research Center. During the visit, were presented the main results of the company, aimed at ensuring the reliability of the engines operated rocket and space technology, the creation of a new generation of rocket engines. Experts reported on the progress of the project with the TEM NPPUs. This, in particular, was the creation of a specialized methodology and software for optimization of design solutions that identify and justify the amount of experimental development, which ultimately should help to reduce development time and cost.

At the end of this year, according to the plan of the project should be completed by the development of conceptual designs NPPUs and TEM. As part of preliminary design NPPUs will focus on physical and mathematical modeling of processes in NPPUs the primary, transient and non-standard modes, the analysis of possible failures that lead to emergency situations at all stages of the NPPUs, developing a program to ensure safe operation, and comprehensive program of experimental testing NPPUs. Here are the results of calculations of the radiation situation in all compartments of the TEM and to determine the optimal design of radiation protection with the minimum volume requirements.

The composition of the materials of preliminary design will include the results of TEM aerogazodinamicheskih and strength calculations, development of control algorithms, software reliability and safe operation of TEM, a set of documents of the means of emergency rescue.

The plan of the project for the current year also provides construction and testing of experimental models and models of the key elements NPPUs, as well as experimental models of turbo-generators, heat exchangers, machinery shut-off and control valves NPPUs.

The development of the project TEC for nine years, will require 17 billion rubles. Costs Rosatom 2010-2018 gg., According to the approved program of innovation development, will amount to 7.245 billion rubles.

In the 2013-2018 years. the project must be mastered nine innovative technologies. In 2018 scheduled increase in electrical power systems and space propulsion efficiency of propulsion.

With the use of communications Gazeta.ru, RIA "Novosti" and KeRC

At the end of this year, according to the plan of the project should be completed by the development of conceptual designs NPPUs and TEM.

08.28.2012 / 15:14 The first part of the draft nuclear engine for the ship completed in 2012

The first stage of the design development of the Russian nuclear power installation megawatt class for the spacecraft will be completed this year, told RIA Novosti Director - General Designer of the Research and Development Institute of Power Engineering named after NA Dollezhal (NIKIET), corresponding member of Russian Academy of Sciences Yuri Dragunov.
"Last year, completed a preliminary design of the reactor facility, this year, the technical validity of the reactor installation. Required a huge amount of testing, especially of fuel, including the study of the behavior of fuel and structural materials in the reactor conditions. Work on technical design will be quite long, about about 3 years, but the first stage of the technical design, the references we have this year to prepare. Today, we have identified and adopted technical solution design selection of the fuel element and the final solution at the option of the embodiment of the reactor. And just a few weeks ago was the technical decision on the choice of the embodiment of the core and on its configuration, "- he said, according to RIA Novosti.

Spoiler:

ApolloMars a écrit:Le problème est que le nucléaire est considéré comme tabou par beaucoup de gens, alors ils ne voudront pas d'un moteurs nucléaire alors qu'on sait très bien qu'il seront mis en orbite par des lanceurs chimiques. Voilà un des seuls inconvénients...

Giwa a écrit:Tant qu'un réacteur à l'uranium 235 n'a pas divergé, il ne contient pas de produits de fission qui eux sont beaucoup plus nocifs que l'uranium et s'il retombe sur Terre, il ne fera que revenir à son origine - certes localisé sur une zone plus restreinte... en tout cas cela sera moins catastrophique qu'un sous-marin nucléaire en perdition ayant longtemps fonctionné avant l'échange de ses barres de combustible nucléaire.

[...]

Jeep a écrit:

Giwa a écrit:Tant qu'un réacteur à l'uranium 235 n'a pas divergé, il ne contient pas de produits de fission qui eux sont beaucoup plus nocifs que l'uranium et s'il retombe sur Terre, il ne fera que revenir à son origine - certes localisé sur une zone plus restreinte... en tout cas cela sera moins catastrophique qu'un sous-marin nucléaire en perdition ayant longtemps fonctionné avant l'échange de ses barres de combustible nucléaire.

[...]

Quand même, aller dire qu'en cas d'explosion l'uranium 235 ne ferait que revenir dans la nature c'est un énorme raccourcit !
Dans la nature, U235 représente 0,716 % du minerai d'uranium, le reste étant de l'U238. Le minerai lui même se trouve à la concentration de 3g/tonne (0,0003%) dans l'écorce terrestre.
Dans un réacteur électrique, on est plutôt autour d'une concentration de 5% en U235 et jusqu'à 90% pour une utilisation militaire. Donc une fois pulvérisé dans l’atmosphère, on est quand même très loin des conditions naturelles ! Surtout que sa période de demie vie est de 703,8 millions d'années, ça fait une petit bout de temps pour s'en débarrasser.

Et que je sache, les sous-marins, nucléaires ou non, explosent rarement dans l’atmosphère.

Giwa a écrit:

Je ne vois pas en quoi un sous-marin qui laisse diffuser ses produits radioactifs dans la mer serait moins dangereux qu'un bloc d'uranium enrichi dans un sarcophage ne lui permettant pas de se répandre.

patchfree a écrit:Une interview de l'Académicien Koroteev sur l'état de développement du moteur nucléaire dans le journal Rossikaïa Gazeta. Particulièrement intéressant.

http://www.rg.ru/2012/10/03/raketa.html

Spoiler:

lambda0 a écrit:Tout celà finit par devenir un peu confus. Une partie de l'image représente un moteur nucléo-thermique, le dialogue parle de générateur électro-nucléaire pour alimenter des moteurs plasmiques, ce qui est très différent.
Si le vaisseau représenté était propulsé par un moteur nucléo-thermique, les réservoirs seraient bien plus évidents.
Apparemment, c'est bien un vaisseau à propulsion plasmique, avec le réacteur nucléaire à une extrémité (en jaune) et les moteurs plasmiques à l'autre extrémité. Pas beaucoup de volume en réservoirs quand même.
Dommage que je ne lise pas les légendes en russe.

Akwa a écrit:L’isotope 238 de l'Uranium est peu dangereux (il peut être manipulé à la main). Le 235 est très dangereux, mais dans la nature il est quasi inexistant.
Si dans les armes nucléaires, on utilise de l'uranium enrichi à 90% d'U235, pour les réacteurs nucléaires, y compris Nerva, on utilise de l'Uranium peu enrichi, donc peu dangereux.

Dans le cas du Nerva, il n'est pas question de sarcophage autours de l'Uranium lors de l'envol, pour des questions de poids.
En cas de problème, le lancement des fusées se faisant au dessus de l'Océan (pour Saturn V), l'ensemble retombe dans la mer, sans risques.

En cas de rentrée accidentelle dans l'atmosphère et de désintégration, la quantité d'Uranium est négligeable, diffusée sur une immense surface, sans danger pour les populations au sol.

A noter que lors de la rentrée dans l'atmosphère du LEM de Apollo 13, il transportait un RTG au plutonium.

Akwa a écrit:

Dans le cas du Nerva, il n'est pas question de sarcophage autours de l'Uranium lors de l'envol, pour des questions de poids.
En cas de problème, le lancement des fusées se faisant au dessus de l'Océan (pour Saturn V), l'ensemble retombe dans la mer, sans risques.
En cas de rentrée accidentelle dans l'atmosphère et de désintégration, la quantité d'Uranium est négligeable, diffusée sur une immense surface, sans danger pour les populations au sol.