Cosmodrome de Baïkonour

Dolise a écrit:La Russie a commémoré dimanche l'accident survenu il y a 50 ans sur le cosmodrome de Baïkonour (Kazakhstan) au cours duquel 126 personnes moururent brûlées vives mais qui ne fut connu que de longues années plus tard.
L'Union soviétique, lancée alors dans une course à l'espace et aux armements avec les Etats-Unis, développait un programme de missile intercontinental (le R-16) quand le 24 octobre 1960 un prototype de fusée explosa sur le pas de tir.
...
Puis trois ans plus tard (1963), un même 24 octobre, sept personnes chargées des essais moururent dans un incendie sur un pas de tir, dans ce que l'agence spatiale russe qualifie aujourd'hui "de coïncidence mystique" .
Depuis ces deux accidents, le 24 octobre est connu comme la "journée noire" de l'exploration spatiale que les autorités russes utilisent pour commémorer le souvenir de tous ceux qui dédièrent leur vie au programme spatial russe.

tatiana13 a écrit:en effet, il faut malheureusement qu'il y ait des castrophes voire des accidents mortels pour qu'un jour devienne commémoratif

C’est désormais un jour officiel en Russie : le 24 octobre est le jour des héros, morts pour la conquête de l’espace par l’Union soviétique.

buran a écrit:

Ils auraient put choisir une autre date que le lancement raté d'un ICBM pour commémorer la conquête spatiale (car un ICBM ne fait pas d'exploration spatiale aux dernière nouvelles). La mort de Komarov ou de l'équipage de Soyouz 11 (pour rester dans les accidents tragiques) me parait plus approprié.

Starking a écrit:Le R-16 portait la désignation 8K64. Il devait servir de base à un lanceur spatial désigné 64S2 (et pas 11K64).

Au départ, Yangel utilisait son propre système de désignation pour les lanceurs spatiaux dérivés des missiles de l'OKB-586. Ainsi, le lanceur dérivé du 8K63 (R-12) a été désigné 63S1, celui dérivé du 8K64 (R-16) devait être le 64S2 et celui dérivé du 8K65 (R-14) le 65S3.

Ce n'est que plus tard que les 63S1 et 63S3 ont pris les désignations standard 11K63 et 11K65 (Kosmos). Le 64S2 n'a jamais volé et n'a jamais été désigné 11K64. Il est aussi parfois connu sous le nom de Tsyklon-1.

tatiana13 a écrit:

Starking a écrit:Le R-16 portait la désignation 8K64. Il devait servir de base à un lanceur spatial désigné 64S2 (...) connu sous le nom de Tsyklon-1.

merci Starking pour ces précisions historiques :D

Starking a écrit:
Au départ, je voulais abonder dans le sens de Firnas en disant que la distinction entre essai de missile et essai de lanceur spatial n'était pas très nette à l'époque. Le tir du 24 octobre 1960 était celui d'un ancêtre commun au futur ICBM et à celui d'un lanceur spatial qui n'a jamais vu le jour.

patchfree a écrit:Les données vont être regroupées à l'aide d'un logiciel de GIS.

Sidjay a écrit:Qu'est ce qu'un logiciel de GIS? :roll:

Baikonur launch site to prepare a spare
:: 04/06/2011

Russia at the end of the year will prepare a backup launch facility at Baikonur for the launch manned spacecraft to the International Space Station, said the head of Federal Space Agency Anatoly Perminov.
"For two years we were preparing the 31 th site to the end of the year to be ready to perform with her launch manned spacecraft," - he told reporters at Baikonur.
Before this all starts manned Soyuz spacecraft to the ISS program, implemented with the Gagarin launch pad on the 1 st floor spaceport.
According to Anatoly Perminov, the backup start to instill confidence in the performance of manned program in the event of malfunctions or other surprises.

Interfax

Baikonur was put into operation a new gas station
:: 10/11/2011

November 8-9, at petrol stations 91A Baikonur site fueling tanks made of high-pressure booster "Briz-M" being trained by the program "Proton/AziaSat-7."

Filling the booster has completed the process of commissioning a new gas station. After graduating from fueling the upper stage was returned to the site 92A-50 launch site for further preparation for the launch, scheduled for November 25.

Subsequently, a gas station site 91A is operated together with the existing gas station at the site 31, which will provide more efficient performance of the training space vehicles.

Gas station was 11G141 for filling with propellant components and compressed gases spacecraft and boosters built on the site 91A in 1976. Resource Station was set at 10 years and 500 cycles of filling stations. By the mid-80's station has developed these standards in 1992 and was decommissioned.

Since that time, all refueling spacecraft, modules, stations and boosters were at a gas station 11G12 31st platforms.

Reconstruction of the gas station area 91A launch site was conducted over several years. There was an overhaul of the station building, installed new equipment, including set up finishing area. Gas station for the comic devices is a complex engineering facilities as well as satellites are charged with aggressive components of the fuel under high pressure. In this regard, increased demands for tightness and corrosion resistance of the plant equipment, filtration system. In the apparatus and equipment widely used digital technology and new materials. Built more than a dozen buildings and facilities, catering to the gas station.

05.15.2012 / 17:39 Roscosmos plans to upgrade the launch pad at Baikonur

This year's Federal Space Agency is planning to renovate the 31-second launch site Baikonur Cosmodrome, where rockets run carrier "Soyuz-2.1", and to find funds to modernize the electricity system spaceport, the head of Russian Federal Space Agency Vladimir Popovkin.
"Baikonur Cosmodrome in our lease until 2050, everything was built in Soviet times, and in fact we have largely developed the modern resources. And today, of those important things we have set for the reconstruction of 39th launcher (from which runs boosters" Proton "- Ed.). This year we put on the reconstruction of the 31st pad," - said Popovkin on Tuesday after a successful launch and spacecraft into orbit with a new crew of the ISS.
He said the reconstruction of the 31st site will be conducted so that the next manned launch could carry out from there, RIA Novosti reported.

15.05.2012 / 17:39 Роскосмос планирует модернизировать стартовую площадку Байконура


Роскосмос в этом году планирует провести реконструкцию 31-й стартовой площадки космодрома Байконур, откуда запускаются ракеты-носители "Союз-2.1", а также найти средства на модернизацию системы электроснабжения космодрома, сообщил глава Роскосмоса Владимир Поповкин.
"Космодром Байконур у нас в аренде до 2050 года, здесь все построено в советское время, и по сути мы во многом выработали современные ресурсы. И сегодня из таких значимых вещей мы поставили на реконструкцию 39-ую пусковую установку (откуда запускаются ракеты-носители "Протон" - ред.). В этом году поставим на реконструкцию 31-ую площадку", - сказал Поповкин во вторник журналистам после успешного запуска и выведения на орбиту корабля с новым экипажем МКС.
По его словам, реконструкция 31-й площадки будет проведена таким образом, чтобы следующий пилотируемый запуск можно было провести уже оттуда, передает РИА Новости.

19.01.2013 Kazakhstan to undermine Russian plans to launch a "proton" Russia threatens to underpay for rent

Due to the restrictive actions of Kazakhstan, to allow Russia to perform in 2013 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome only 12 carrier rockets "Proton-M" instead of the 17 requested, Moscow may require renegotiation of lease Baikonur, "Interfax" referring to a source in the Russian rocket and space industry.

Moreover, as the Republic of starts was two less than what was agreed by Kazakhstan in 2012. In response, Russia may proportionately reduce funds that are received each year Kazakhstan as rent of $ 115 million. In other words, the rent can be linked to the extent to Baikonur their functions.

"The Russian side is to meet Kazakhstan and gradually reduces emissions from rockets," - said the official. He reminded that the environmental problems of the Kazakhstan side motivates its intention to reduce the number of starts "Proton". In particular, Russia has conducted an expensive upgrade "Protons" up to "Proton-M", has completely stopped launches heptyl rocket "Cyclone-2" and the RS-20. "

The source said the "get" starts "Proton" with the Russian cosmodrome Plesetsk not work. "There are things that can be run only from Baikonur - the source. - In the Plesetsk launch site under no rocket" Proton ", quoted by ITAR-TASS.

According to the source, if everything remains as is, the reduction will affect primarily commercial launches. He explained that as a result of such measures, Russian launchers operators will have to pay substantial penalties for non-compliance of international obligations, and it will be the equivalent of bankruptcy. As a result, the credibility of Russia as a space power will be seriously affected.

"Apparently, the agreement in this regard the parties soon not be reached," - expert predicts. "In the space relationship between the two countries is growing tension with the current situation with the agreement only exacerbates the contradictions", - he said.